Tuesday 29 July 2014

Asia's history

###ASIA HISTORY.....






Asia is the world largest continent and the birth place of world's earliest civilisations,such as those of SUMERIANS,CHINA,&INDIA.These civilisation had a great impact on history,both acient,and modern.has did the emergence of three major world relegious;HINDUISM,BUDDHISM,& ISLAM.Independent growth  todays asian economics are booming.there are still conflicts how everin the south east asia and the middle easttend to affect world politics....

##EARLY DEVELOPMENT;


Early civilisation its largely isolated from the rest of the WORLD by deserts ,moutains &oceans.only MIDDLE EAST had strong connections with EUROPE.
##CENTRAL ASIA:

For centuries the only  travellers use silk road in 1938 moghul warior timur(1336-1405)swept down from the steppes and founded a centrel asian empire..
In 1369 ,timur moved his capital to the prosperous city of "SAMARKAND" in modern UZBEKISTAN..


In1500s UZBEKS attacked the city.

##ANCIENT CIVILIZATION:
THE SUMERIANS OF WESTERN ASIA EVOLVED THE WORLD'S FIRST CIVILIZATION ,BUT IT WAS THE EARLY CIVILIZATION OF INDIA AND CHINA THAT AFFECTED THE ASIA MOST.THEIR RELEGIONS HAD SPECIAL IMPACT :

HINDUISM;THE RELEGION OF PEOPLE OF INDIA 

BUDDHISM:FOUNDED BY SIDDHARTHA GAUTHAMA AND ONE OF THE THREE GREAT RELEGIONS IN CHINA.
SPREAD OVER ASIA

.
##CHOLA DYNASTY:
FROM 850-C.1200 ,A POWERFULL DYNASTY KNOW AS CHOLAS BEGAN TO DOMINATE MUCH OF INDIATHEY BUILT MANY HINDU TEMPLES AND SPREAD THEIR RELEGION TO SRILANKA THEY EXTENDED THEIR NAVAL POWER OVER THE SEAS OF SOUTH EAST ASIA,AND THIS HELPED SPREAD HINDUISM AS FAR AS SUMATRA AND BALI.



A HINDHU TEMPLE IN BALI,INDONESIA,ATTESTS TO THE GREAT INFLUENCE OF THE CHOLA DYNASTY.


##KOGURYO DYNASTY:

BY THE 7th CENTURY CHINA'S INFLUENCE WAS INCREASING AND CINESE MONKS CONVERTED KOREA TO BUDDHISM,THE KOGURYO RULERS ENCOURAGED THE SPREAD OF BUDDHISM.FROM KOREA,THE MISSIONARIES WENT TO JAPAN ,WHICH ADOPTED NOT ONLY BUDDHISM BUT ALSO CHINESE SCRIPT,ARCHITECTURE & CULTURE.


##TRADE AND CULTURE:

DURING 17th,18th,and 19th CENTURIES TRADE THRIVED ,THOUGH SOME ASIAN COUNTRIES WERE CLOSED TO OUTSIDERS .RUSSIA AND EUROPEAN COUNTRIES BOUGHT SILK,TEA,AND PORCELIAN FROM CHINA .INDIA TRADED WITH THE WORLD AND WAS FAMOUS FOR ITS HANDMADE TEXTILES ,SUCH AS ''PAISLEY'' WHICH WAS TRADITIONAL INDIAN PATTERN ,DURING THIS PERIOD,WESTERN POWERS INCREASINGLY INTRESTED IN ANNEXING ASIAN TERRITORIES FOR TRADE PURPOSES.

##ASIAN RESISTANCE:

IN THE 17th & 18th CENTURIES CHINA,JAPAN,KOREA,AND SIAM(THAILAND) RESISTED EUROPEAN EXPANSION CHINA CONFINED EUROPEAN TRADE TO MACAO ,AND CANTON ,JAPAN TRADED WITH ONLY HOLLAND,NAGASAKI,AND KOREA REMAINED CLOSED TO THE WEST.IN 1688,A REVOLUTION IN SIAM ENDED FRENCH ATTEMPTS TO GAIN INFLUENCE IN BANGKOCK. 



#NINTEENTH CENTURY COLONIZATION


*IN 19th CENTURY EUROPEAN POWERS COLONIZED MUCH OF ASIA THE BRITISH TOOK OVER BURMA ,MALAYA,NORTH BORNEO,AND HONG KONG;
*FRANCE DOMINATED INDOCHINA;

*DUTCH CONTROLLED INDONESIA ;

*RUSSIA ANNEXED CENTRAL ASIAN PROVINCES.

#GROWTH OF NATIONALISM;

AFTER THE WORLD WAR I(ONE), ASIAN NATIONALISM (a belief in independence )GREW .in 1918 ,ARAB LEADERS THREW TURKISH RULE THE DESIRE OF JEWS TO CREATE AN INDEPENDENT STATE IN PALESTINE GAINED SUPPORT BY 1933,  238,000 HAD SETTLED IN PALESTINE AND,IN 1948,THE STATE OF ISRAEL WAS CREATED.


 ""CHAIM WEIZMANN(1874-1952) WAS BORN NEAR PINSK IN BELORUSSIA AND STUDIED CHEMISTRY IN SWITZERLAND.IN HIS YOUTH HE BECAME A PASSIONATE ZIONIST AND EVENTUALLY WAS MADE HEAD OF THE WORLD ZEONIST MOVEMENT .AFTER WORLDWA R II (TWO) HE CAMPAIGNED FOR THE CREATION OF ISRAEL ,AND IN 1948,became the state of ISRAEL'S  FIRST PRESIDENT""


#INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT;
AFTER 1945 MANY ASIAN COUNTRIES THREW OFF COLONIAL RULE .IN 1947,INDIA AND PAKISTAN STRUGGLED FOR AND WON INDEPENDENCE FROM BRITAIN.



IN 1948 ISRAEL CAME IN TO BEING.

 IN 1949 INDONESIA WON INDEPENDENCE FROM NETHERLANDS.

 FRANCE TRIED TO PREVENT VIETNAMESE INDEPENDENCE ,BUT WAS DEFEATED IN 1954
LAOS AND CAMBODIA BECAME INDEPENDENT IN 1954 AND 1953 RESPECTIVELY.



TIMELINE;

**4000_C.2500 BC THE WORLD EARLIESET CIVILIZATION FLOURISHES IN SUMER ,WESTERN ASIA
**C.2500 BC  INDUS VALLEY PERIOD ,INDIA'S EARLIEST CIVILIZATION.




**1800 BC  SHANG PERIOD :CHINA'S EARLIEST CIVILIZATION STARTS TO BUILD ITS FIRST CITIES.

**C.330 BC ALEXANDER THE GREAT DESTROYS THE PERSIAN EMPIRE.

**138 BC FIRST RECORDED JOURNEY ON THE SILK ROAD.


**1300s SILK ROAD IS SHUT.

**C.50 BUDDHISM REACHES CHINA FROM INDIA.

**206 BC -AD 220 HEIGHT OF THE CHINESE HAN EMPIRE .

**C.618-907 THE SOPHISTICATED  TANG DYANASTY DOMINATES CHINA.

**1211 MONGOL WARRIOR GHENGIS KHAN INVADES CHINA.

**1368 MING DYNASTY EXPELS MONGOLS FROM CHINA.

**1397 MONGOLS INVADE INDIA.

**1350-1460 COLLAPSE OF KHMER EMPIRE ,CAMBODIA.

**1453 FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE TO THE TURKISH OTTOMAN EMPIRE .

**C.1488 MING EMPERORS REBUILD ""THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA""
 
**1526-1707 DOMINATION OF MUGHALS IN INDIA .
**1600-1614 BRITISH,FRENCH,DUTCH FORM "" EAST INDIA COMPANIES""
 
**1736-96 MANCHU CHINA PROSPERS UNDER EMPEROR QIANLONG.
**1750 CULTURAL AND ARTISTIC PEAK IN JAPAN.
**1757 BRITISH TAKE CONTROL OF BENGAL ,INDIA.
**1839-42 FIRST OPIUM WAR.
**1949 CHINESE REVOLUTION.
 
**1950-53 KOREAN WAR .
 
**1954-75 VIETNAM WAR .


LINKS;-
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_active_separatist_movements
www.businessinsider.com/9-independence-movements-t...
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Asia
www.historyorb.com/asia/
www.aboutbuddhism.org/history-of-buddhism.htm/
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Buddhism
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann
www.dk.com
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chola_dynasty